In this paper we investigate a set of attitudes that may contribute to these substantial gender differences in family behaviors. 1994 Marini 1978 Michael and Tuma 1985 Rindfuss, Morgan and Swicegood 1988 Smock 2000 Thornton, Axinn and Xie 2007 Waite and Goldscheider 1991). This includes gender differences in sexual, cohabiting, marital, and childbearing behaviors ( Barber 2001a Laumann et al. However, recent research documents the persistence of substantial gender differences in key family formation behaviors over the same period. Over the last half of the 20 th century social research documented wide spread changes in attitudes about the appropriate social roles for men and women, uniformly toward more gender egalitarian attitudes ( Brewster and Padavic 2000 Brooks and Bolzendhal 2004 Bumpass 1990 Cherlin and Walters 1981 Mason and Lu 1988 Thornton 1989 Thornton and Young-DeMarco 2001 Veroff, Douvan and Kulka 1981). Research emphasizes changes over time, causes, and consequences related to the gender segregation in social roles. Gender differences in social behaviors are among the most highly studied topics in the social sciences.
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